Everyone feels sad or flat sometimes it is part of life. However, when those feelings linger for more than two weeks and start to interfere with your work, family or daily life, it could be a sign of depression.
Depression is a common yet serious mental health condition that affects how you think, feel and function. It can lead to changes in sleep, appetite, energy and motivation. Fortunately, depression is treatable with the right medical and psychological support.
Understanding the types of depression is the first step toward recognising the signs, getting help early and managing symptoms effectively. In this article, we’ll explore the main forms of depression, their symptoms, stages and available treatment options
What You’ll Learn
- What depression is and how it impacts your mental wellbeing
- The seven common types of depression and how they differ
- How depression progresses through different stages
- How GPs, psychologists and allied health professionals can support recovery in Brisbane
Types of Depression
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) also known as clinical depression is the most common type. It causes a persistent low mood, loss of interest in activities and difficulty managing everyday life.
Common symptoms include:
- Constant sadness or emptiness
- Loss of interest in hobbies or social activities
- Fatigue and poor concentration
- Changes in appetite or sleep
- Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
- Thoughts of self-harm or hopelessness
If these symptoms last for two weeks or more, it is time to speak to your GP. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve recovery outcomes.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)also known as dysthymia involves long-term depressive symptoms that last for two years or more. While the symptoms are often milder than major depression, they can still have a major impact on daily functioning.
Typical symptoms include:
- Feeling low most days
- Low energy or motivation
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Poor self-esteem
With the right support including therapy and medical guidance, people living with PDD can regain control of their mood and quality of life.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder, previously known as manic depression, involves alternating episodes of depression and mania.
During depressive episodes, people experience symptoms similar to MDD. During manic or hypomanic episodes, they may feel extremely energetic, impulsive or euphoric.
Key symptoms include:
- Periods of high energy or irritability
- Sudden drops into sadness or fatigue
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Risk-taking behaviour
Managing bipolar disorder requires consistent medical care. GPs, psychiatrists and psychologists often work together to create a tailored management plan for long-term stability.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), also called seasonal depression, is linked to seasonal changes, particularly the shorter, darker days of winter. Reduced sunlight can affect your body clock and serotonin levels, leading to low mood and fatigue.
Symptoms include:
- Feeling down or withdrawn during winter
- Oversleeping and craving carbohydrates
- Weight gain or low energy
- Difficulty concentrating
SAD often improves naturally in spring and summer, but treatments such as light therapy, exercise and counselling can help manage symptoms during colder months.
Postpartum Depression
After giving birth, many new parents experience the “baby blues,” which usually fade after a few days. However, if low mood, anxiety or sadness persist for more than two weeks, it could be Postpartum Depression.
Symptoms may include:
- Feeling overwhelmed or hopeless
- Trouble bonding with your baby
- Sleep or appetite changes
- Fatigue and loss of motivation
- Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
Hormonal shifts and emotional stress contribute to postpartum depression, but with professional help, recovery is possible. Speaking to a GP or mental health specialist is an important first step.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS that causes emotional and physical symptoms before menstruation.
Symptoms may include:
- Irritability or mood swings
- Fatigue and difficulty concentrating
- Bloating, headaches or breast tenderness
- Sadness or hopelessness
PMDD can disrupt daily life but is treatable through lifestyle changes, therapy or prescribed medication to regulate mood and hormonal balance.
Atypical Depression
Unlike other forms, Atypical Depression can temporarily lift in response to positive events a feature known as “mood reactivity.”
Symptoms may include:
- Increased appetite or weight gain
- Excessive sleep
- Sensitivity to rejection or criticism
- Heavy feeling in the arms or legs
Atypical Depression responds well to specific antidepressants and cognitive-behavioural therapy. If these symptoms sound familiar, your GP can help determine the best treatment approach.
Stages of Depression
Depression often progresses gradually. Understanding these stages helps identify when to seek support.
Mild Depression – You might feel low or unmotivated but can still manage your routine. Lifestyle changes and early intervention can help.
Moderate Depression – Symptoms intensify, affecting work, study or relationships. At this stage, professional support becomes essential.
Severe Depression – Symptoms may feel overwhelming, making everyday tasks difficult. Thoughts of self-harm or hopelessness may occur and require immediate medical help.
How GPs and Mental Health Support Help Recovery
Treating depression involves a holistic approach combining medical care, therapy and lifestyle management.
Medication
Antidepressants can help balance brain chemicals, easing symptoms like sadness, fatigue and sleep problems.
Therapy
Talking therapies, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), provide tools to challenge negative thought patterns and build emotional resilience.
Lifestyle Changes
Exercise, balanced nutrition, sleep and social support all play vital roles in recovery.
In Brisbane, GPs offer Mental Health Care Plans, which provide access to psychologists and allied health professionals under Medicare. This coordinated care ensures you receive ongoing, affordable and comprehensive mental health support.
Conclusion
Depression is not a sign of weakness, it is a real health condition that can affect anyone. By understanding the types of depression and recognising the early signs, you can take proactive steps toward recovery. If you have been feeling persistently low or notice these symptoms in someone close to you, reach out to a trusted GP. With professional care, compassion and the right treatment plan, recovery and wellbeing are entirely achievable.
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